APUSH Period: 1860 to 1877. The Nye Committee Revisited 00) John Edward Wiltz* In recent years the United States Senate's Special Commit tee Investigating the Munitions Industry, popularly known as the Nye Committee, has been an object of severe and sustained criticism, stemming largely from the con viction that the inquiry begun in the spring of 1934 and The Power of the Isolationists Before World War II. But even it was crippled by its 'half-measure' provisions. Why the age distribution in the world's population will shift toward older people after 2050. An Act that replaced the Cash and Carry idea; it allowed Britain to obtain all the US arms it needed on credit. Fall 1941 U.S. and Japanese diplomats try to work out problems over China U.S. - trade embargo vs. Japan - gas, steel, tools rejected Japanese demands to end the embargo b/c of Open Door violations Under the terms of the licence agreement, an individual user may print out a PDF of a single entry from a reference work in OR for personal use (for details see Privacy Policy and Legal Notice). "War Industries Board: History and Purpose." A policy of the United States Administration of President Franklin D. Roosevelt during 1933-45, with the goal of strengthening relations with Latin America and hemispheric solidarity against external threats. In 1933, US delegation pledged never again to intervene in the internal affairs of a Latin American country; In 1936, Roosevelt attended and personally pledge to submit future disputes to arbitration and also warned that if a European power such as Germany attempted to "commit acts of aggression against us," it would find "a hemisphere wholly prepared to consult together for our mutual safety and our mutual good.". The committee investigated the financial and banking interests that underlay the United States involvement in World War I and the operations and profits of the industrial and commercial firms supplying munitions to the Allies and to the United States. If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it. In the wake of World War I, leaders in the international community sought to prevent the possibility of another war. Underline each adverb clause and adjective clause. For unaccompanied ladies, there will also be taxi . _____I found a dollar as I was walking to Joels house. As a result, the newly-created WIB was on its own in dealing with labor-management disputes resulting from increased demand for materials during World War I. Nye Committee: In 1934 Senator Gerald P. Nye of North Dakota held hearings to investigate the country's involvement on WW1; this committee documented the huge profits that arms factories had made during the war: 340091760: General Francisco Franco: In 1936 the Spanish Civil War began. Many Americans felt betrayed and questioned that the war had been an epic battle between the forces of good (democracy) and evil (autocracy). Click to Rate "Hated It" Click to Rate "Didn't Like It" . Theme Blog Forever by. Senator Gerald Nye. Germanys resumption of submarine attacks on passenger and merchant ships in 1917 became the primary motivation behind Wilsons decision to lead the United States into World War I. Explain. Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA), in U.S. history, major New Deal program to restore agricultural prosperity during the Great Depression by curtailing farm production, reducing export surpluses, and raising prices. How do I fill out an activity section on the common app. Content Review Apush 4-6.pptx. Mobilizing the economy for world war finally cured the depression. Troy's outstanding skills at soccer are selftaught. ThoughtCo. Graceclaw. The hearings covered four topics: The munitions industry. The Senate cut off committee funding after Chairman Nye blundered into an attack on the late Democratic President Woodrow Wilson. World War III (often abbreviated to WWIII or WW3), also known as the Third World War or the ACMF/NATO War, was a global war that lasted from October 28, 2026, to November 2, 2032. This excellent BBC documentary looks at the politics behind the war, in particular how the rulers of Britain, Russia, and the United StatesChurchill, Roosevelt, and Stalininteracted with each other. Under which the US would honor its treaty obligations under the Nine Power Treaty of 1922 by refusing to recognize the legitimacy of any regime like "Manchukuo" that had been established by force; declared by Sec of State Henry Stimson in 1932. Conference set about the help curb international economic woes by maintaining currency values at a fixed rate, abandoned by Roosevelt who wanted to inflate the dollar, Roosevelt ended the use of the Monroe doctrine and instead lowered his influence in the Western hemisphere (removed troops from Haiti, allowed Mexico to seize oil properties), Lowered tariffs when another country also did the same to encourage international trade, Far-right racist nationalist movement led by Adolf Hitler. The first hearings were in September 1934 and the final hearings in February 1936. The Nye Committee, officially known as the Special Committee on Investigation of the Munitions Industry, was a committee of the United States Senate which studied the causes of United States' involvement in World War I. . Millions of men and women joined the armed forces, and even larger numbers went to work in well-paying defense jobs. From: What was the conclusion of the Nye Committee? On December 7, 1941, following the Japanese bombing of Pearl Harbor, the United States declared war on Japan. Social sciences Chapter 41 Outline.doc. The background leading up to U.S. entry into World War I. Nye Committee hearings (Munitions industry, naval shipbuilding: Preliminary report of the Special Committee on Investigation of the Munitions Industry): This page was last edited on 6 November 2022, at 19:39. Public opinion pushed Congress to pass the Neutrality Acts to keep us out of WWII. APUSH 101. ThoughtCo, Jun. and that Jews were one of the principal groups advocating for U.S. intervention in Europe. usually reductions as in the case of the reciprocal trade agreements act, Totalitarianism (or totalitarian rule) is a political system where the state recognizes no limits to its authority and strives to regulate every aspect of public and private life wherever feasible. Warfare and Defence, View all related items in Oxford Reference , Search for: 'Nye Committee' in Oxford Reference . As Senator Nye connected the war profiteers of the banking and munitions industries to America's involvement in the war, many Americans felt they had been drawn into what was, in fact, a European war by pro-war propaganda that had portrayed the war as a battle between the forces of good and evildemocracy and autocracy. These loans were made during wartime: July 28, 1914 November 11, 1918. A word that has become synonymous with appeasement. Senator Gerald Nye were intended to hold war profiteers to account. Nye Committee 1934. formed to investigate whether or not munitions manufacturers and bankers were pro-war in WWI soley to make profit; increased anti-war atmosphere and push to pass Neutrality Acts. [6] The committee's findings did not achieve the aim of nationalization of the arms industry, but gave momentum to the non-interventionist movement, sparked the passage of the Neutrality Acts of the 1930s in 1935, 1936, 1937, and 1939,[16][17] and encouraged Charles Lindbergh and other anti-Semites, who believed that the lenders were mostly Jewish. The territory that Japan marched into to establish a puppet govt in September 1931; this was the greatest threat to world peace and also in direct defiance of the Open Door Policy. We shifted back to a lot of more progressive policies, especially with trying to help with the great depression, and we also had pretty isolationist policies, similar to what we had before. What is the function of membrane phospholipids? APUSH 1940-1963 Vocabulary. What did interventionists believe? These revelations led Senator Nye, many pacifists, and members of the American public to contend that profit, rather than peace had motivated the U.S. to enter the war. What was the Nye Committee Apush? Pearl Harbor was attacked on December 7, 1941. people who already borrowed and still owed money to the US could not borrow anymore, APUSH The American Pageant Chapter 31 vocab, APUSH The American Pageant Chapter 32 vocab, Eric Hinderaker, James A. Henretta, Rebecca Edwards, Robert O. Self, Donald Kagan, Frank M. Turner, Steven Ozment, John Lund, Paul S. Vickery, P. Scott Corbett, Todd Pfannestiel, Volker Janssen, Chapter 34- Franklin D. Roosevelt and the What did the Nye Committee report reveal? If Hitler took Britain, he could use the British navy to attack the Americas. (c) Copyright Oxford University Press, 2023. Your current browser may not support copying via this button. A. patriotic pride, B. a lack of awareness, C. greed and arrogance, D. disrespect for the war's victims. Write a vocabulary word for the definition or clue. Stephen Wise. In an effort to avoid open conflict with Germany, the democracies adopted this policy, which allowed Hitler to get away with relatively small acts of aggression and expansion. Finally,World War II ended in 1945. Public opinion pushed Congress to pass the Neutrality Acts to keep us out of WWII. In carrying out its mission, the WIB employed modern industrial techniques such as the assembly line, mass production, and interchangeable parts. Log in with a Google or Facebook account to save game/trivia results, or to receive optional email updates. Since collective bargaining as a solution to labor disputes would not come until the 1930s, leaving the government powerless to negotiate wages, the WIB routinely avoided strikes by approving wage increases rather than risk a shortage of supplies needed to fight the war in Europe. What was the conclusion of the Nye Committee? Instead of twenty, the WIB was made up of seven members, all civilians except for one representative each from the Army and Navy. Paige Sprague Pt.2 of FDRs presidency chart Japan and Germany withdraw from League of Nations- rebuild navy, and form armies. June 6, 1944.the date the Allied drive to liberate France began, with the largest invasion by sea in history. Senator Gerald Nye formed a committee that questioned hundreds of witnesses and organizations about the possible deals between munition companies and the U.S. Government prior to the declaration of war against . On this day, British, Canadian, and US forces under the command of General Eisenhower secured several beachheads on the Normandy coast. Public opinion pushed Congress to pass the Neutrality Acts to . What types of groups and individuals supported Reagan's rise to the presidency? The Neutrality Bill, providing for an embargo on arms and loans to nations at war, was the only legislation even partially enacted into law. The Nye Committee investigated arms manufacturers and bankers of World War I. Why did FDR create the officer of price administration (OPA)? On July 28, 1917, Wilson set up the WIB within the CND. allowed for sale of materials provided that they pay in cash and do their own transport. Concluded in 1934 that the main reason for US participation in the world war was to serve the greed of bankers and arms manufacturers; established by Senator Gerald Nye of North Dakota. "send guns, not sons"; send a limitless supply of arms to victims of aggression, Roosevelt & Churchills secret conferences- 8 pt. Is that still true? His strongest criticism of Roosevelt was regarding his decision to break the two term tradition established by George Washington. Passed in 1934, provided for the independence of the Philippines by 1946 and the gradual removal of US military presence from the islands. Why were Americans worried about Hitlers attacks on Britain, in particular? Nye urges America to not participate in the trading of . ), a policy of nonparticipation in international economic and political relations; aka America in WWII, FDR's foreign policy of promoting better relations w/Latin America by using economic influence rater than military force in the region, designed to lift US export trade from the depression, relief/recovery, reversed the traditional high protective tariff policy, the political party founded in Germany in 1919 and brought to power by Hitler in 1933. investigated arms manufacturers and bankers of World War I. Equal mutual rights and benefits granted and enjoyed. America First Committee public opinion divided anti-war group - incl Lindbergh, Hoover 7. Which was a reason that Northern leaders disagreed over the South rejoining the Union? What was the objective of the Neutrality Act of 1937? European democracies could buy arms and war materials only if they paid cash and transported the arms themselves, was a phase in early World War II marked by few military operations in Continental Europe, in the months following the German invasion of Poland and preceding the Battle of France. In her memoir, Appointment On The Hill (p. 169), Dorothy Detzer, an intimate eye-witness to the Committee's processes, summarizes: "The long exhaustive investigation produced a sordid report of intrigues and bribery; of collusion and excessive profits; of war scares artificially fostered and [disarmament] conferences deliberately wrecked." Francisco Franco sought to overthrow the Loyalist regime in Spain, and was aided by the United States decision to not allow the Loyalist Regime (or the rebels for that matter) to purchase arms from the United States. Main Menu; by School; by Literature Title; by Subject; by Study Guides; Textbook Solutions Expert Tutors . In the "Declaration by United Nations" of 1 January 1942, the Allies of World War II pledged adherence to the charter's principles. Was the U.S. neutral before Pearl Harbor? The board set production quotas and allocated raw materials. https://www.thoughtco.com/war-industries-board-history-and-purpose-5181082 (accessed March 4, 2023). VI Congress Legislates Neutrality 1 The 1934 Nye Committee was formed to. Cookies collect information about your preferences and your devices and are used to make the site work as you expect it to, to understand how you interact with the site, and to show advertisements that are targeted to your interests. A majority of nations, including most of the worlds great powers, fought on two sides consisting of military alliances. It was drafted by Britain and the United States, and later agreed to by all the Allies. That WWI had improved Americas stature in the world and the nation should be a leader in future conflicts. Complete the following sentences with an object complement. What was the conclusion of the Nye Committee? The Nye Committee conducted 93 hearings and questioned more than 200 witnesses. What are some good documentaries about WW2? That WWI was fought for financial reasons and the U.S. should stay out of future foreign wars. (adjective), adv. Nye created headlines by drawing connections between the wartime profits of the banking and munitions industries to America's involvement in the World War. The AFC was founded by Yale University student R. Douglas Stuart Jr. and headed by Robert E. Wood, a retired U.S. Army general who was chairman of Sears, Roebuck and Co. Its highest-profile early member was Henry Ford, the automotive pioneer and notorious anti-Semite, who resigned in controversy. [1][2], During the 1920s and 1930s, dozens of books and articles appeared about the high cost of war, and some argued that financiers and arms manufacturers had maneuvered the United States into entering World War I. What does the nurse believe is making those who are in favor of the war ignore its human costs? People unfamiliar with computers may find them_____. Content Review Apush 7-8.pptx. She\mathit{She}She planned to vacation in Hawaii but\mathit{but}but had to settle for\mathit{for}for Hagerstown. To put the WIBs 20% industrial production increase into perspective, under the similar War Production Board, established by President Franklin D. Roosevelt on January 1, 1942, days after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, industrial productivity increased by 96% and 17 million new civilian jobs were created. The general that led the Fascist troops in the Spanish Civil war, and later set up a military dictatorship. Answer 1 of 2: There will be a group of us in Munich ages 25-30 for NYE and we get in town around 4pm. How many witnesses did the Nye Committee question? It overturned the National Industrial Recovery Act, ruling that Congress had given too much power to the president and representing the growing opposition to the New Deal. What was the Good Neighbor Policy? The peace movement led to appeasement and disarmament. A less restrictive neutrality act adopted by Congress in 1939, this provided that a belligerent could buy US arms if it used its own ships and paid cash; although it was "neutral" it strongly favoured Britain. -quoted in Eye-Deep in Hell: Trench Warfare in World War I. One of two decisive battles against Japan that marked the turning point in the war; the interception and decoding of Japanese messages enabled US forces to destroy four Japanese carriers and 300 planes. Roosevelt's delegate to the London Economic Conference before bailing; leader of the Nationalist military rebellion in the Spanish Civil War, Isolationist (ironic aviator who first flew across the Atlantic), 1940 Republican candidate for the presidency of the United States, idea of trade pacts including mutually beneficial changes to tariffs, etc. A document drawn up by British Prime Minister Winston Churchill and FDR; it affirmed what their peace objectives would be when the war ended. The findings revealed high profits and a studied hostility to disarmament but no evidence to support the theory that President Woodrow Wilson had at any time been influenced by the financial stake in his relations with Germany. the Japanese bombing of Pearl Harbor Interventionists believed that providing Britain with aid would keep the United States out of war. Also, the arms industry was at fault for price-fixing and held excessive influence on American foreign policy leading up to and during World War I.[6]. Nye Committee . The mostly German speaking strip of land that was given to Hitler without opposition in a meeting between British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain and French President Edouard Daladier with Hitler. The agreement here would prove to have long-term significance. World War II: Behind Closed Doors. This attack targeted the US Congress' decision to declare war on Japan at the request of Roosevelt. Merchants of death was an epithet used in the U.S. in the 1930s to attack industries and banks that had supplied and funded World War I (then called the Great War). 1943: 400 rabbis marched in Washington to protest silence of the world against the extermination of European Jews. 1934 investigated arms manufacturers and bankers of World War I. Rome-Berlin Axis. He was overthrown in 1943 when the Allies invaded Italy. Do further research on how the French supported the colonies during the American Revolution. The Nye Committee conducted 93 hearings and questioned more than 200 witnesses. if the underlined clause is an adverb clause or adj. That WWI had improved Americas stature in the world and the nation should be a leader in future conflicts. nfhs volleyball jewelry rules; zimbabwe consulate appointment booking; sageata albastra tren viteza; apple specialist uk salary It was at the forefront of the effort to support a "pro-British policy" against Axis aggression, advocating for American military materiel support of Britain as the best way to keep the United States out of the conflict then raging in Europe. Begun on September 1, 1939, German tanks and planes began a full-scale invasion of Poland; Britain and France kept their pledge and declared war against Germany, and soon with Axis Allies Italy and Japan. It guaranteed workers the right to organize unions and bargain directly with management. This supreme court case followed the movement of 100,000 Japanese Americans moved to internment camps; the case upheld the US govt's internment policy as justified in wartime. A committee organized by isolationists before WWII, who wished to spare American lives. Woodrow Wilson In the same period, it lent to Britain and its allies $2.3 billion. The Army and Navy, for example, continued to establish their individual priorities for buying supplies and equipment. [10] John T. Flynn "played a major role in the course of the investigation" as a member of the committee's Advisory Council of experts. Which of the following statements describes a social problem during World War II? Nye was instrumental in the development and adoption of the Neutrality Acts that were passed between 1935 and 1937. D. Some leaders felt that allowing Southern states back into the Union would delay westward expansion. The Nye Committee conducted 93 hearings and questioned more than 200 witnesses. Nye Committee Bernard Mannes Baruch (August 19, 1870 - June 20, 1965) was an American financier and statesman.. After amassing a fortune on the New York Stock Exchange, he impressed President Woodrow Wilson by managing the nation's economic mobilization in World War I as chairman of the War Industries Board.He advised Wilson during the Paris Peace Conference.He made another fortune in the postwar bull . Nye Committee - Oxford Reference Overview Nye Committee Quick Reference (1934-36) A US Senate committee, chaired by Gerald P. Nye of North Dakota, to investigate the dealings of the munitions industry and bankers and their reputed profits from promoting foreign wars. We are pretty open and up for anything, this is our first time. Rising Japanese militarism and an international arms . Nye suggested that Wilson had withheld essential information from Congress as it considered a declaration of war. when the prez proclaimed the existence of a foreign war, certain restrictions go into affect. World War Two affected the world and the United States profoundly; it continues to influence us even today. While industrial production increased under the WIB, it was accused of helping so-called war profiteers amass vast fortunes. Borrowing from precedents set by the WIB, President Franklin D. Roosevelt, in 1933, established the National Recovery Administration (NRA) to combat the effects of the Great Depression by establishing the same cooperation between government and industry introduced by the WIB during World War I. Write adv. While it fell short in many ways, the WIB helped to establish the importance of issue-driven national planning in the United States. Addressed to the Congress on January 6, 1941. Thesis: Franklin Roosevelt brought forth the Neutrality Acts in the 1930s that restricted arms trade but were later replaced by the Cash and Carry policy which reversed those restrictions. Study Resources. The Night of the Broken Glass, also known as Kristallnacht, was a night _____. In 1935, Mussolini ordered Italian troops to invade this country to prove fascism's military might; League of Nations and US objected but did nothing to stop the Italian aggressor. (2021, June 23). U.S. industrial production increased by 20% under the WIB. The 1934 Nye Committee was made to investigate whether or not arms manufactures caused United States' entry into the First World War. The Nye Committee, officially known as the Special Committee on Investigation of the Munitions Industry, was a committee of the United States Senate which studied the causes of United States' involvement in World War I. A Brief Look at the U.S. Department of Labor, Overview of the Second Industrial Revolution, Committee on Public Information, America's WWI Propaganda Agency, Abrams v. United States: Supreme Court Case, Arguments, Impact, Economic Growth: Inventions, Development, and Tycoons, How the Great Depression Altered US Foreign Policy. The Nye Committee (Special Committee Investigating the Munitions Industry), 1934-1936 From its establishment in 1934, the Senate Special Committee Investigating the Munitions Industry was often identified with its colorful chairman, progressive Republican Gerald P. Nye of North Dakota. Wayne S. Cole, Senator Gerald P. Nye and American Foreign Relations (Minneapolis, University of Minnesota, 1962 p. 72. Which event immediately preceded Germanys surrender and the end of WWII? The hearings covered four topics: The committee documented the huge profits that arms factories had made during the war. Roosevelt's reaction to recognizing Fascist aggression while being limited by US isolationist feelings; this speech suggested that the democracies act together to "quarantine" the aggressor. That strengthened the position of isolationists and non-interventionists in the . Then rewrite the definition in your own words. With the war mobilization conducted under the supervision of the War Industries Board, unprecedented fortunes fell upon war producers and certain holders of raw materials and patents. The program established by Hitler for the systematic murder of Jewish civilians. (18561924) American Democratic statesman, 28th President of the US 191321. Why do you think the seafarer tells about his life and its hardships? United States military base on Hawaii that was bombed by Japan, bringing the United States into World War II. 6 min read december 21, 2021. The peacekeeping organization that was conceived during WWII and put in place immediately after the war. This battle had two objectives: (1) overcoming the menace of German submarines in the Atlantic and (2) beginning bombing raids on German cities; German subs sank over 500 Allied ships in 1942, but the Allied powers developed ways to fight back via sonar, radar, and bombing of German naval bases. To mobilize antiwar sentiments, he helped establish the America First Committee. In its final report, the Nye Committee also identified the Chaco War between Bolivia and Paraguay as a key example of complicity between debt financiers, arms makers, and militaries. The Nye Committees findings tirned more Americans Toward isolationism. Its model influenced national policy during the New Deal and World War II. International economic conference on stabilizing currency to solve Great Depression, nation to which the US promised independence in the Tydings-McDuffie Act of 1934, FDR's repudiation of TR's corollary to the Monroe Doctrine, stating good neighbor policy towards L. American countries, prohibited sale of arms to belligerents in a war; banned loans to belligerents; citizens cannot travel to countries at war or travel on armed ships; passed to prevent American involvement in future overseas wars, conflict between the revel Fascist forces of Gen. Franco and the Loyalist gov't; severely tested US neutrality; Mussolini and Hitler helped in order to use SP as testing ground for bombs, Roosevelt's speech 1937 that proposed strong US measures against overseas aggressors (Japan), European diplomatic conf where GB and FR appease Hitler's demands for Sudentenland in Czechoslovakia, piece of land south Czechoslovakia; betrayed by GB and FR to appease Hitler in 1938 Munich Conference, term for the British-French policy of attempting to prevent war by granting German demands, Committee to Defend America by Aiding the Allies, group advocating US support for GB in the fight against Hitler, headed by Charles Lindbergh; isolationist group advocating that US focus on continental defense and non-involvement with WWII, law that made the US the "arsenal for democracy" by providing supposedly temorary military material assistance to GB, communist nation invaded by Hitler in June 1941 that was also aided by American lend-lease, US.-GB agreement of Aug 1941 to promote democracy and intentions for improvement post WWII; created by Winston Churchill and FDR in a secret conference, self-determination, disarmament, freedom of seas, peace of security, League of Nations, 5 specific points of the Atlantic Charter, US destroyer sunk by German U-boats off the coast of iceland in Oct 1941, major American naval base devastated in a surpise attack in Dec 1941, FDR's Sec'ry of State who promoted Reciprocal Trade Agreement, low tariffs, and Good Neighbor policy, Fascist leader of Germany; started WWII under the "big lie"- belief that GER was stabbed in the back by Jews in WWI, Fascist dictator of Italy; sought to recreate a Roman empire; allied with Hitler in Roman-Berlin Axis; invaded Ethiopia; "Benevolent Dictator", instigator of 1934 Senate hearings that castigated WWI munitions manufacturers as "merchants of death", Fascist rebel leader against Spanish Loyalist gov't; helped by Hitler and Mussolini to become dictator of Spain, African nation invaded by Mussolini in 1935, Democratic nation betrayed at Munich Conference, invaded Sept 1939 by Hitler; set off WWII, seized by Hitler in 1940; pushed the US closer to direct aid to GB, leader of America First Committee; chief spokesman for US isolationism, dark horse Rep Presidential nominee in 1940; lost against FDR; attacked FDR for the third term attempt, courageous prime minister who led GB's lonely resistance to Hitler; involved with the secret Atlantic Conference, Russian dictator who first helped HItler destroy Poland before becoming victim of Nazi aggression in 1941; transformed RUS into a military power in 15 years, nation near whose waters US destroyers, namely USS Kearny, came under Nazi submarine attack, put Philippines on the road to independence, designed by Cordell Hull to increase American exports; reversed Hawley-Smoot Tariff by decreasing the tariff, nation that acted against the Washington Naval Treaty in 1934 and walked out of London Conference, forbade any country that still owed US money from borrowing any more cash, formed 1936 by a group of Princton U students; anti-war group that mocked the early payment of bonuses to WWI veterans, formed to investigate whether or not munitions manufacturers and bankers were pro-war in WWI soley to make profit; increased anti-war atmosphere and push to pass Neutrality Acts, American gunboat bombed and sunk by Japanese in 1937; Japan apologized and sent $ to victims' families; unwilling to go to war, US forgave easily, strip of land demilitarized according to Versailles Treaty; invaded by Hitler, aka Neutrality Act of 1939; Euro nations (Allies) can buy war materials from US only if they provide transportation and pay in cash, meeting where US warned Germany that it could not take over orphan colonies in the Americas, first peacetime draft; trained 1.2 million troops, two leading Republican presidential candidate aspirants, unarmed US merchant ship torpedoed and destroyed by a German U-boat outside war zone; May 1941, Hitler-Stalin Nonaggression Pact; 10-year peace treaty; Russia can keep 1/3 of Poland when Hitler attacks it, term dubbed to the early phase of WWII; period of silence and inactivity in Europe after Hitler moved his forces from Poland and eventually attacked Norway and Denmark, established and reinforced by FDR to create good relations with L. America; nullied Roosevelt Corollary, independent farmers; Stalin ordered Collective Farming (crops go to Russian gov't), Nazi party failed attempt to seize Munich govt 1923; Hitler emerges as a national hero when jailed, "lightning war"; German military warfare tactic, Norway, Denark, Belgium, Luxembourg, Holland, five "weaker" countries Hitler attacked before France (after phoney war), France's wall of defense that only faced Germany and stopped at the Ardennes, thick forest on the border of France and Germany, used by FDR in one of his fireside chats to persuade Americans to support Lend Lease Policy, July 1940-Dec 1941; air war between GER and GB, initially invented by GB to detect aircraft in the air; eventually used by all belligerent countries in WWII, Russian tactic; used against GER after GER attack June 1941; allowed Ger to conquer land to separate them from supply line and fall in trap of the brutal winter, Japanese admiral who planned Pearl Harbor Attack; Japan stealthily came in from the North, Pearl harbor attack; holiday time, Sunday morning.